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DNA Paternity Testing Services in San Jose, CA

Paternity testing is based on the structure and function of DNA. CLEAR CHOICE SYSTEMS, INC. has years of experience in this field, offering accurate DNA paternity testing services in San Jose, CA, to meet your needs in a timely and affordable manner. Schedule your free consultation for our DNA paternity testing services with our team today.

DNA Structure

Since the discovery of the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) structure in 1953, various techniques have been developed to utilize this knowledge to better understand how living organisms function and address genetic issues. DNA is the genetic material that contains the "code of life," meaning that the genetic code in each cell of a person is identical. Still, everyone has a unique DNA code that can be used to identify them, as well as their biological children. We inherit our unique DNA code from our biological parents in equal parts, which is what we look for in our DNA paternity testing services. The building blocks of DNA are known as nucleotides, represented by the letters A, T, C, and G, which pair up in DNA as AT and CG. There are approximately three billion letter pairs in the human DNA code. In humans, most of the DNA is organized into tightly coiled structures called chromosomes, which are located within the nucleus of the cell. A human cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, arranged in 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and two sex chromosomes (XY for males and XX for females). If you were to unwind each chromosome and lay them end-to-end, the resulting long, double-stranded DNA helix would be about three meters in length, all derived from just one microscopic human cell.

DNA Sequence & Replication

he DNA helix resembles a twisted ladder or a spiral staircase in which the “steps” are composed of the four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), held together by hydrogen bonds that connect specific pairs of these molecules: A-T and G-C. The arrangement of these molecules, known as the DNA sequence, spells out the instructions for our physical characteristics and bodily functions. These instructions are found in units called genes. The pairing of DNA molecules presents a simple mechanism for their replication that occurs whenever a cell divides into two during growth and development. During this process, the helix unwinds, and an enzyme separates the two strands of DNA. Another enzyme, DNA polymerase, adds the four molecules A, T, C, and G to each strand according to the strand’s sequence: A is added opposite a T on the strand, and C is added opposite a G. This “complementary base pairing” allows the replication to occur quickly and reliably. The products of replication are two sets of double-stranded DNA molecules with the same sequence as the original. During this division, each cell receives one set of DNA, so all cells in the body have the same DNA molecules.
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DNA Extraction

DNA is in the nucleus of a cell, like the yolk in an egg. It can be collected from a cheek swab sample by breaking open the cells and isolating the DNA from the other cellular components. We use scientifically accepted methods, along with robotic instruments, to ensure precision and accuracy during the extraction process for our DNA paternity testing services.

Learning More

Learn more about our DNA paternity testing services and the following processes:
The Polymerase Chain Reaction
Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Analysis
Genetic Analyzer
Paternity Testing Reports
Solving Crimes & Mysteries
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